前置准备

快速上手

本地

1. 搜索Apache的httpd.conf文件内DocumentRoot、<Directory 并改为：

   DocumentRoot "D:/path/to/your/project"
   <Directory "D:/path/to/your/project">
       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI
       AllowOverride All
       Require all granted
   </Directory>
   

2. 在GitHub上新建private存储库

3. 初始化本地存储库

   git init
   

4. 配置Github信息

   git config --global user.name "username"
   git config --global user.email "your@email.com"
   

5. 生成SSH密钥

   ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 "your@email.com"
   

   cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
   

   复制ssh-rsa开头的公钥并导入到Github

6. 编码

   注意配置好.gitignore，比如.history/、.git/、config.php等自动生成文件、敏感文件、用户上传的文件最好配置忽略。

   数据库链接文件可区分本地和远程，php示例如下，配置完后，手动复制到服务器：

   <?php
   date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai');
   
   // ============ 环境检测 ============
   $current_host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] ?? '';
   $is_local = (
       strpos($current_host, 'localhost') !== false ||
       $current_host === '127.0.0.1' ||
       $current_host === '::1'
   );
   
   // ============ 数据库配置 ============
   if ($is_local) {
       // 本地开发环境（XAMPP）
       $servername = "localhost";
       $username = "root";
       $password = "";
       $dbname = "";
       $db_port = 3316; // 本地端口，如需改动可在此修改
   } else {
       // 线上服务器环境
       $servername = "";
       $username = "";
       $password = "";
       $dbname = "";
       $db_port = 3306;
   }
   
   // 创建 PDO 连接
   try {
       $dsn = "mysql:host=$servername;port=$db_port;dbname=$dbname;charset=utf8mb4";
       $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
       $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
       $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
       $pdo->exec("SET time_zone = '+08:00'");
       $pdo->exec("SET NAMES utf8mb4");
   } catch (PDOException $e) {
       header('Content-Type: application/json');
       if ($is_local) {
           die(json_encode(['error' => 'PDO 连接失败: ' . $e->getMessage()]));
       } else {
           error_log("PDO 连接失败: " . $e->getMessage());
           die(json_encode(['error' => '数据库连接失败，请稍后重试或联系管理员']));
       }
   }
   
   // 创建 MySQLi 连接
   $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname, $db_port);
   $conn->set_charset("utf8mb4");
   $conn->query("SET time_zone = '+08:00'");
   if ($conn->connect_error) {
       header('Content-Type: application/json');
       if ($is_local) {
           die(json_encode(['error' => 'MySQLi 连接失败: ' . $conn->connect_error]));
       } else {
           error_log("MySQLi 连接失败: " . $conn->connect_error);
           die(json_encode(['error' => '数据库连接失败，请稍后重试或联系管理员']));
       }
   }
   ?>
   

7. 关联远程仓库

   git remote add origin git@github.com:user/repo.git
   

8. push到远程仓库（首次须指定分支）

   git push -u origin branch-name
   

服务器

1. 配置Github信息

   git config --global user.name "username"
   git config --global user.email "your@email.com"
   

2. 生成SSH密钥

   ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 "your@email.com"
   

   cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
   

   复制ssh-rsa开头的公钥并导入到Github

3. 在目标目录下执行

   git init
   git pull git@github.com:user/repo.git banch-name
   

4. 在服务器目标目录下新建depoly.php，内容如下：

   <?php
   $secret = "your_code";
   $target_dir = __DIR__;
   $git_branch = 'main';
   $log_file = __DIR__ . '/deploy.log';
   
   $headers = getallheaders();
   $signature = $headers['X-Hub-Signature-256'] ?? '';
   $payload = file_get_contents('php://input');
   
   if ($secret && $signature) {
       $hash = 'sha256=' . hash_hmac('sha256', $payload, $secret);
       if (!hash_equals($hash, $signature)) {
           http_response_code(403);
           file_put_contents($log_file, date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . " - 签名验证失败\n", FILE_APPEND);
           die('签名验证失败');
       }
   }
   
   $data = json_decode($payload, true);
   
   if (isset($data['ref']) && $data['ref'] === "refs/heads/$git_branch") {
       $command = "cd $target_dir && git pull origin $git_branch 2>&1";
       $output = shell_exec($command);
   
       $log_message = date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . " - 部署触发\n输出:\n" . $output . "\n---\n";
       file_put_contents($log_file, $log_message, FILE_APPEND);
   
       echo "部署成功";
   } else {
       echo "非目标分支，忽略";
   }
   ?>
   

5. 项目Webhooks配置如下：

   类别	内容
   Payload URL	your.domain/deploy.php
   Content type	application/json
   SSL verification	Enable SSL verification
   Which events would you like to trigger this webhook?	Just the push event.
   Active	yes

至此，部署完毕！

故障排查

git push 时提示权限拒绝

原因：SSH 密钥未正确配置 解决：

# 测试 SSH 连接
ssh -T git@github.com
# 如果失败，重新添加公钥到 GitHub

部署后网站没更新

原因：Webhook 未触发或 git pull 失败 解决：

# 1. 查看部署日志
cat ~/domains/your.domain/public_html/deploy.log

# 2. 手动拉取测试
cd ~/domains/your.domain/public_html
git pull origin main

# 3. 检查 GitHub Webhooks 页面是否有红色 ×

安全提醒

• 永远不要提交包含密码的文件到 GitHub
• 线上数据库密码建议用环境变量或独立配置文件（在 .gitignore 中排除）